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Agricultural production provides only 7% of GNP in Mexico, although in the national agro-industry employs 23% of employed Mexicans. 70% of the poorest citizens live in the countryside. Over the past ten years, three times increased food imports in Mexico, often to the detriment of domestic producers imported a huge party rice. corn, meat, milk powder.

Agrocomplex Mexico as a whole is competitive on world markets just as the entire Mexican economy.

New private operators own only half of the national farmland. The traditional communal form of land ownership in rural areas (30 thousand ejidos have comunidades) in terms of yields little in what is behind the private sector, is the meaning of a 300-page report of World Bank experts. Land privatization continues because loans and investments from banks to purchase equipment and technology given to private owners more readily.

State finances dozens of programs of assistance to villagers: from irrigation to the cheating of bank debt. But according to the same experts VM agro for 20 years is the weakest sector of the Mexican economy-income farm workers and their productivity is half than the average Mexican worker and employee. Agrarian reform in Mexico is already a century, ie, rather slow because of fears that efforts foreigners trading in land will cost the national independence.

A quarter of agricultural products in Mexico are 3 out of 32 states of Jalisco, Veracruz and Sinaloa. The most typical kinds of food exports of Mexico, - coffee. tequila, beer, juices, canned goods, meat and dairy catering-as-usual has been presented at the annual exhibition in Moscow's Krasnaya Presnya, World Food in June 1997 and the world's largest food fair Apida in Cologne, Germany, 11-16 October 1997 .

The bulk of production of the country and exported foodstuffs accounted for 39 companies, which are formed in October 1996 Sonsejo Mexicano de la Industria de Productos de Consumo. Opening Conmexico honored by the presence of President Ernesto Zedillo, and the head of the Council of agricultural producers Isaak Chertorivsky, director of the Mexican branch of Bacardi, presented the leaders Alimentos del Fuerte, Bimbo, Campbell's, Cuervo, Femsa, Modelo, Pulsar, Cigatam, Nestle, Danone, Gamesa, Lala, Maseca, Herdez, Costena, Pedro Domecq, Jugos del Valle, Kellog's, Nabisco, Sabritas, Sigma, Pepsi-Cola, Coca-Cola, etc.

The food industry in Mexico has 150 canned or filling machines for the production of retail businesses end product, half of which prepares and exports.

Novice Russian buyer of Mexican food and other consumer goods like to advise to use the services of wholesale bases: solid plant less than 5-10 containers will not sell, and at the base and 100 kilograms. sell almost the same price. Y Grupo Corvi across the country, 27 such bases with total area of 140 thousand square meters. 1700 meters to the goods items (director Benjamin Villasenor is a frequent guest in Moscow, his phone in Mexico 52-5/645-0953, 628-5139)-no need to train dozens of plants throughout Mexico and can be sent in the CIS "from Corvi" containers with a consolidated load and have the results of sales to choose liking manufacturer.

Across Latin America, grows to 34 thousand different plants suitable for human consumption, with half of them did not find a market, as none of them knew nothing. Still, markets stalls and supermarkets in Mexico affect the abundance of vegetables and fruits, spices and medicinal plants, appearance and names are Russian, as well as all Europeans do not know.

Mexicans have learned to produce entire Western set of foodstuffs thousands of items, yes Plus they produce for the mass consumer traditional food from tropical and other raw materials with very high taste and medicinal properties. All kinds of food and drink, Mexico, and also supplies the external market. It is believed that the decline in domestic demand due to the 1995 crisis increased the Agroexport from Mexico, but reserves its further growth is not exhausted.

Research the agricultural sector in Mexico consumes annually about 100 million dollars, while the U.S. spends on these targets $ 2 billion annually. Such discord among the nearest neighbors is good already so that the Mexican private agricultural sector receives a "turnkey" advanced technology, although in insufficient levels. National priorities are to reduce poverty, the Mexican village and prevent environmental damage (need higher yields, cleaner products and well-groomed grounds). The U.S. company Monsanto in 1996, ceded to the Mexicans the right to use potatoes, sustained against local pests, destroying more of standing up to a third crop.

The absolute dominance of the United States and a dozen other Western states in the world markets of agricultural technologies and food processing is supported by the policy of state subsidies of agricultural producers in those same countries. Excellent yields, resistance of plants to disease and water shortages, rapid maturation with minimal fertilizer, optimal technology for collecting and storing, processing and packaging facilities are complemented by all manner of authorities and eventually allowed a handful of Western multinational companies actually take (a monopoly), the world food market. Dedicated Exchange Chicago, New York, London dictate world prices and redistribute large quantities of grain, sugar, coffee. cotton, tobacco, tea, bananas, cocoa, etc., ie more than half of world exports of agricultural raw materials and foodstuffs.

Multinational firms in the USA and Western Europe with the help of state protectionism authorities of their countries are doing almost all the agro-industry uncompetitive in other states, and thus reigned throughout the world. Free trade and neoliberalism refers to these prodkompaniyami-monsters as the elimination of customs duties on imports of their products in dozens of other countries. In Mexico, in agricultural, the number of large companies with 100% national capital can be counted on the fingers.

Export all kinds of food from Mexico in the Northern Hemisphere is facing serious obstacles in the form of a really necessary and far-fetched phytosanitary standards. Mexico produces a lot of export himudobreny-alone company from offices Agroquimicos Agronitrogenados steel group GAN exported in 1996 to 1 million tons of fertilizers (mainly WAN32) in the U.S., Latin America and West Europe. But western consumer gravitates toward environmentally friendly products derived not from petrochemicals and from organic matter. Bioorganika from Switzerland (Omeobis) and other countries of Western Europe came in 1996 in Mexico. Although scientists from the Moscow University UAM-1 in Mexico claim that they have developed a domestic bio-fertilizers and cheaper and better the whole range of fertilizers, commonly used in the fields.

Strict phytosanitary U.S. for decades to prevent the penetration of the market Tarabya Mexican avocados, poultry and pork worth up to $ 1 billion annually. This does not mean that products named are bad: just the U.S. advantage to establish a virtually insurmountable barrier to the importation of agricultural products from abroad. To remove this barrier, an inspector from the U.S. to up to 10-12 years to observe the state of affairs in the fields of certain states in Mexico and only after this multi-and long-term and costly procedure, there is some chance to get approval for import into the U.S. of products from the Mexican state. In Russia and Japan to export Mexicans easier but more expensive.

Mexican agricultural producers have very little subsidy from the government, which prefers to subsidize retail distribution of basic products (milk, cereals, bread, sugar) among the poor. In 1994, Mexican farmers have bought up to 8 thousand tractors in 1995, four times less. In 1996, President Zedillo, E. sanctioned grants to the state treasury partial (30%) the cost of purchasing the peasants 40 thousand tractors until 2000. Traktorosborochnye company in Mexico-New Holland (Ford collects tractors), John Deere, Massey Ferguson, Tractores Universal in Case Internacional rejoiced. Yet only recently in Mexico, collected thousands of Soviet tractors annually.

Machinery for food processing, all the major food technology owned by the United States, only an insignificant extent, Germany, Japan, France and Italy. Positive for Mexico meaning of this phenomenon is that in developed Agroexport, Mexicans are doomed to produce products of world standard quality for both domestic and external markets. Evidence of this comes on the shelves of local grocery stores. Packaging western (ie higher quality), an assortment of fantastic, always have everything, and at prices below the U.S., and in the U.S., as we know, lower prices for all of Western Europe.

Foreigners were willing to invest in agro-industry in Mexico, because profit margins in this area the highest compared with other sectors, except automotive. In 1996, foreign agricultural firms have invested in their own production in Mexico, 700 thousand dollars, of which 600 came from the U.S., and 100 from Western Europe. (The largest volumes of foreign capital investment in industries in Mexico in 1996 were as follows, in billions of dollars: automotive industry-1, 4; electro-1, 1, Chemistry-0, 85; telecommunications-0, 84; agro-0, 7; Construction-0, 45; trade-0, 45; consumer goods-0, 2; Pharmaceuticals-0, 1.)

All transactions with the land in Mexico are conducted through experienced lawyers as well as a set of laws on land ownership is very confusing; land in Mexico has been privatized since 1917 and the transition from communal ownership and rental of land holdings (ejidos) from the state to market sales any type of land will go not to a dozen years.

Central de Abasto. In the Mexican agribusiness giants, the world's largest wholesale food market of the Federal Capital. Central de Abasto, on the outskirts of Mexico City, designed by ideas similar warehouses wholesale prodtorgovli in Barcelona (Spain) and opened in 1982. Today, this market feeds half the population, and the same markets are already working in dozens of Mexican cities. Central de Abasto, begins its trade with two hours of the night: its 6114 store-warehouses are every day up to 25 thousand tons of food from all the states of Mexico and from abroad.

Up to 5-8 types of basic products (cereals, milk) are sold to the poor by the Government at fixed prices through 61 wholesale base A1-macenes Nacionales de Deposito, where rent yield 151 thousand agricultural producers. Since the beginning of the introduction of free prices for all foodstuffs named wholesalers have become kind of international food exchanges in Chicago.

Grupo Pulsar (tel. in Monterrey 52-8/378-0806). This group includes well-known enterprises of agro-tobacco and packing (cardboard) industry Empresas La Moderna, with sales up to $ 2 billion annually.

Alfonso Romo Garza, president of the group from Monterrey in 1995-96 was the most popular employer in Mexico, since failed to show high profitability not only tobacco but also agro-based on the latest research-Services (4000 employees in ten Mexican states) . Method Romo Garza was simple: in 1991 he bought a stake in the world's most famous producers of vegetable seeds and fruit from the USA and the Netherlands, was associated with the largest manufacturers of fresh perishable products in Mexico, then became concede part of its own shares other equally well-known foreign partners the United States. It was obtained access to the best in the world agro-technology and the most extensive global markets of consumers in the U.S., Europe and the CIS, China and Japan.

Financial Condition ELM great-level credit VVVZ in August 1996 to assess the consulting firm JP Morgan from the U.S.. Group Pulsar invests in the production of $ 300 million annually, receive loans for the same amount from foreign banks (loans in the U.S. and Western Europe is cheaper than in Mexico) and purchases in installments evrobony to meet current needs.

ELM owns the chain "from field to counter. Retail price of the goods in the shop five times higher than what is the same product on the bed. " "La Moderna" incorporates the company Seminis, which gives 22% of world production of seeds for vegetable production, as well as commanding the largest procurement company in Mexico, packing and distribution (comercializadora) vegetables. ELM taught the Indians in Chiapas to grow tobacco (to collect it and dry) and was able to market their own cigarettes in Russia, China and Vietnam. Popularization network cigarettes La Moderna to Moscow was unprecedented, and of Cigareras La Moderna in Russia is the largest and most efficient working Mexican trading division in the CIS countries. In the state of Quintana Roo ELM undertook in 1997 to establish vegetable and fruit production by indigenous Mayan peasants southern part of the state to get rid of the need to import these products from a distance to tourist areas north of the Yucatan Peninsula (Travel corridors from Cancun to Tulum and Merida before).

As a result, the Indians, as the most economically backward part of the Mexican population, have gained good profits, increased crop yields and the consumer gets environmentally friendly products. Agrosluzhby ELM destroying pests not Dostum and other poison, but harmless to humans by insects. ELM builds greenhouses for growing seedlings in winter, which increases the yield in the field up to 10 times. The major producers in Mexico, vegetables and fruits (Grupo Batiz from the state of Sinaloa: Von and family from Jalisco, the owner of the company Interfruer) the last two or three years, working closely with the ELM and tripled their sales.

Grupo Pulsar with ELM and seed companies Seminis sold the service in 1995, the seeds in 110 countries, amounting to half a billion dollars, and producing seeds in 25 countries by 2300 of its employees a company Agroindustrias Moderna popped up on the seed in the first place in the world.

Possession of a controlling stake of the Dutch company Royal Van Namen allowed to promote Mexican fruits and vegetables under the brand name Master's Touch de La Moderna to European markets. The forthcoming merger of units Agrobioteenologia La Moderna with the world leader in sales of vegetables and fruits, the American DNA Plant Technology Corporation, clearly the goal of ELM: to lead the major Western fruit and vegetable markets.

Sales in 1997 for $ 240 million U.S. subsidiary ELM Asgrow, the producer of seed corn and soybeans, Monsanto under the jurisdiction of the United States means one of the aspects of the Common Market in North America in the field of agricultural biotechnology: ELM received from Monsanto drought-resistant and pests vegetable seeds, potatoes and other cotton and corn.

Competent scientific approach allows to profit: ELM announced in 1996 to continue its project on the plantation of eucalyptus on 300 thousand hectares in the states of Chiapas and Tabasco for the production of cellulose. In the experimental fields of 600 hectares checked possible to grow in the jungles of the same state of plantations of bamboo for construction purposes.

Grupo Herdez (export deal Martin Es-cobar, and Enrique Lara, tel. 52-5/576-0129, 576-0520). Annual sales of meat and fish, vegetable and fruit cans, $ 250 million, the Group consists of companies Herdez and Mc Cormick (50% of U.S. companies) and Bufalo and Miel (honey) Carlota. Group Erdes "virtually monopolized the sale of mushrooms in Mexico. In early 1996, the group "Erdes became the owner of the well-known in their field in terms of technology and product quality in the state of Jalisco Champinones Los Altos. The purchase was made on shares with a major Mexican company, a distributor of canned mushrooms Grupo Monteblanco.